X-ray Generators

X-ray generators typically consist of a vacuum tube containing a heated filament (cathode) and a target (anode). The heated filament emits electrons, which are accelerated by a high voltage and directed onto the target. The accelerated electrons interact with the target material, producing bremsstrahlung X-rays. The energy and intensity of the X-ray beam can be controlled by adjusting the accelerating voltage and the filament current. Supply chain considerations involve the availability of vacuum tubes, high-voltage power supplies, and target materials. Logistical challenges include the transportation and installation of sensitive equipment. Accessibility for developing countries is relatively higher compared to X-ray accelerators, due to lower costs and less complexity. Unlike X-ray accelerators, which use more complex and powerful methods to achieve much higher electron energies, X-ray generators use a heated filament and high voltage to produce lower-energy X-rays.

X-ray generators are a mature technology, widely used in medical, industrial, and security settings.

X-ray generators produce ionising radiation, requiring shielding and safety protocols to protect personnel. High-voltage systems also pose electrical hazards.

While X-ray generators do not use fissile materials, the potential for producing X-rays that could be misused requires security measures to prevent unauthorised access and ensure proper control of the technology.

Traditional IAEA safeguards are not directly applicable due to the absence of fissile materials. However, monitoring and verification of the intended use and operational parameters may be considered to ensure transparency and prevent misuse.