Mass Spectrometers

Mass spectrometers operate by ionising a sample and then separating the resulting ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio. The separated ions are detected, and the resulting signals are processed to create a mass spectrum, which is a plot of ion abundance as a function of mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for identifying and quantifying elements and isotopes in a wide range of samples. Supply chain considerations involve the availability of high-vacuum systems, ion sources, and detectors. Logistical challenges include the transportation and installation of sensitive equipment. Accessibility for developing countries is limited by the high cost and technical expertise required for operation and maintenance.

Mass spectrometers are a mature technology, with a wide range of commercially available instruments.

Mass spectrometers may use radioactive isotopes or generate ionising radiation, requiring careful handling and shielding to minimise radiation exposure. High-vacuum systems also pose safety hazards.

While mass spectrometers themselves do not pose a security risk, the information they provide can be used to identify and quantify radioactive materials, which may be a security concern.

Traditional IAEA safeguards are not directly applicable to mass spectrometers. However, the use of mass spectrometers in safeguards applications, such as material verification and environmental monitoring, is an important aspect of nuclear safeguards.