Cyclotrons

Cyclotrons accelerate charged particles by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the particle’s path, causing them to move in a circular motion. An alternating electric field is used to accelerate the particles each time they cross the gap between two “dee” shaped electrodes. As the particles gain energy, their orbital radius increases, resulting in a spiral path. The accelerated particles can then be extracted and directed towards a target for various applications. Supply chain considerations include the availability of strong magnets, radiofrequency systems, and vacuum technology. Logistical challenges involve the transportation and installation of heavy and complex equipment. Accessibility for developing countries is influenced by the high cost and technical expertise required for operation and maintenance. However, smaller, more affordable cyclotrons are becoming increasingly available.

Cyclotrons are a mature technology, widely used in medical and research settings.

Cyclotrons produce ionising radiation, requiring robust shielding and safety protocols to protect personnel. The radioactive isotopes produced, as well as materials that have become radioactive or contaminated require careful handling and management.

Cyclotrons Cyclotrons do not use nuclear materials. The principal nuclear security concern is malicious use, sabotage, or compromise of radiation-producing capabilities.

Due to the absence of nuclear materials, IAEA safeguards are not applicable.