Compact Accelerator-based Neutron Sources (CANS)

CANS utilise accelerators to generate beams of charged particles, typically protons or deuterons, which are then directed onto a target material, such as beryllium or lithium. This interaction triggers nuclear reactions that release neutrons. The intensity and energy of the neutron beam can be tailored by adjusting the accelerator parameters and target material. CANS are designed to be more compact and cost-effective than conventional neutron sources, making them suitable for a wider range of applications. Supply chain considerations involve the procurement of specialised accelerator components, target materials, and radiation shielding. Logistics primarily focus on the transportation and installation of the accelerator and associated infrastructure. Accessibility for developing countries is enhanced due to the smaller scale and lower cost, though technical expertise for operation and maintenance remains a crucial factor.

The underlying core physics principles are well established. Small, low-power CANS are fully mature and in routine industrial and research operation. Mid-power systems are at the demonstration stage. High-Current CANS (HiCANS) are in advanced design and component prototyping, but likely 5–10 years from operational facilities. The remaining challenges are primarily engineering ones around high-power target thermal management and high-duty-cycle accelerator reliability.

CANS produce ionising radiation, requiring robust shielding and safety protocols to protect personnel and the environment.

CANS do not use nuclear materials. The principal nuclear security concern is malicious use, sabotage, or compromise of radiation-producing capabilities.

Due to the absence of nuclear materials, IAEA safeguards are not applicable.