Cs-137 is a fission product of uranium and plutonium, formed during nuclear reactor operation. It decays by beta emission with a half-life of 30.17 years, emitting gamma rays. Cs-137 is typically recovered from spent nuclear fuel or produced by neutron irradiation of stable caesium. Supply chain considerations involve the availability of reprocessing facilities, or irradiation targets. Logistical challenges include the handling and transportation of high-activity sealed radioactive sources. Accessibility for developing countries is influenced by the specialised facilities and regulatory requirements. Due to their intense levels of radiation, Cs-137 sources are deemed to be high risk with respect to misuse and hence are deemed high nuclear security risks. Countries are encouraged to use alternative technologies rather than Cs-137 based technologies.
Overview
Maturity
Cs-137 production and application are well-established, with widespread industrial and medical use.
Safety considerations
Cs-137 is a high-activity radioactive isotope that emits gamma rays, requiring careful handling procedures and physical shielding to minimise radiation exposure.
Security considerations
Cs-137 can be misused, and its use in a radiological dispersal device is a concern. As such, robust security protocols around chain of custody, inventory management, and physical security are critical.
Safeguarding considerations
Due to the absence of nuclear materials, IAEA safeguards are not applicable.
