Microreactors

Microreactors are designed to be compact and transportable, allowing for deployment in remote locations or areas with limited infrastructure. They typically use solid or liquid metal coolants and operate at low power levels, reducing the risk of accidents. Microreactors can be factory-fabricated and transported to the deployment site, minimising on-site construction. Supply chain considerations involve the availability of specialised fuel, coolants, and reactor components. Logistical challenges include the transportation of radioactive materials and the management of spent fuel. Accessibility for developing countries is enhanced by the modular design and simplified operation, but technical expertise for maintenance and fuel handling is still substantial.

Microreactors are in the testing and demonstration phase, with ongoing efforts to develop and deploy these innovative reactors.

Microreactors have inherent safety features, such as passive decay heat removal and a low probability of core meltdown. However, the use of more novel designs such as liquid metal coolants or advanced fuels requires careful management to prevent accidents.

Microreactors use proliferation-resistant fuel designs, but the potential for producing plutonium in spent fuel requires security measures to prevent unauthorised access and ensure proper control of nuclear materials. The small size and potential for remote deployment may present unique security challenges.

IAEA safeguards are essential for microreactors, involving inspections, material accounting, and containment and surveillance measures to verify the peaceful use of nuclear materials. The modular design and potential for remote deployment may require innovative safeguards approaches.