Gamma Spectrometers

Gamma spectrometers utilise gamma detectors, such as scintillation or semiconductor detectors, to measure the energy of incoming gamma rays. The detector output is processed by electronic circuitry to create a spectrum, which is a plot of the number of gamma rays detected as a function of energy. Each radioactive isotope emits gamma rays with characteristic energies, allowing for the identification and quantification of isotopes in a sample. Supply chain considerations involve the availability of specialised detectors, electronic components, and calibration sources. Logistical challenges include the transportation and installation of sensitive equipment. Accessibility for developing countries is limited by the high cost and technical expertise required for operation and maintenance.

Gamma spectrometers are a mature technology, with a wide range of commercially available instruments.

Gamma spectrometers measure ionising radiation, requiring careful handling and shielding to minimise radiation exposure to personnel. Calibration and maintenance are also essential to ensure accurate measurements.

While gamma spectrometers themselves do not pose a security risk, the information they provide can be used to detect and identify radioactive materials, which may be a security concern.

Traditional IAEA safeguards are not directly applicable to gamma spectrometers. However, the use of gamma spectrometers in safeguards applications, such as material verification and environmental monitoring, is an important aspect of nuclear safeguards.